روان شناسی و دين

analysis of Islamic texts were employed to extract relevant concepts and components. In the psychometric evaluation phase, a survey method was used involving 240 seminary students participating in the "Velayat Project" (affiliated with the Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute). To assess face and content validity, the opinions of 11 experts in psychology and Islamic studies were utilized, and the CVI and CVR indices were calculated. The initial version of the questionnaire consisted of 115 items, which, after validity analysis, was refined to a final version containing 85 items. For evaluating the reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the pilot and final stages were 0.865 and 0.813, respectively. The Spearman–Brown split-half reliability coefficients were 0.901 and 0.856, and Guttman’s coefficients were 0.893 and 0.842. The correlation between the two halves of the scale was 0.815 and 0.796 in the respective stages, all indicating satisfactory internal consistency and reliability. The final scale is an indigenous instrument aligned with Islamic principles and comprises five main components: ignorance, inclination toward desirables, personal distortion, egocentrism, and concealment. The findings confirm that the scale possesses acceptable validity and reliability and can be applied in personality psychology research, Islamic studies, and clinical interventions.