Ravanshenasi Wa Din, Volume 8, Issue 1, No 29, Year 2015, Pages 41-62

    The Strategies towards Positive and Negative Religious Cope: Psychoanalysis of the scale of RCOPE among Iranian Students

    Article Type: 
    Research
    Writers:
    ✍️ Farzaneh Davud Vandi / MA student of educational psychology, Azad central University of Tehran / f.davoodvandi@gmail.com
    Omid Shokri / Assistant professor of psychology department, Shahid Beheshti University / OSHOKRI@yahoo.com
    41-62 2013/11/25 2014/04/27 2015/05/26
    Abstract: 
    The present research aims to investigate the psychological scale of religious cope among Iranian students (male and female). 355 university students (155 males and 200 females) were asked to fill out a Persian version of RCOPE. The statistical procedure of hierarchical factor analysis was used to determine the factorial validity of RCOPE. The internal consistency of RCOPE was examined by Cronbach Alpha coefficients. An analysis of the main components through Oblimin rotation show that RCOPE consists of two strategies towards positive and negative religious cope. The results of factor analysis of positive strategies towards religious cope have yielded seven factors, including religious purification and seeking divine intercession, spiritual aid, active religious submission, fair religious reassessment, spiritual ties and religious orientation, referring to religious authorities or those sharing the same belief and determining the scope of religious activities. The results of factor analysis of the strategies towards negative religious cope indicate five factors, including reassessment based on the idea of God as a punisher, Satan-based reassessment, spiritual dissatisfaction, passive religious submission and inter-individual religious dissatisfaction acquired by experience.
    Keywords: 
    strategies towards positive and negative religious cope
    religious cope scale
    psychological characteristics
    چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
    Title :راهبردهای مقابله‌ی مذهبی مثبت و منفی: تحلیل روان سنجی مقیاس مقابله‌ی مذهبی در بین دانشجویان ایرانی
    Abstract: 
    این مقاله، با هدف آزمون روان سنجِی مقیاس مقابله‌ی مذهبی در گروهی از دانشجویان دختر و پسر ایرانی انجام شد. 355 دانشجو (155 پسر و 200 دختر)، به نسخه‌ی فارسی مقیاس مقابله مذهبی پاسخ دادند. برای تعیین روایی عاملی RCOPE، از روش آماری تحلیل عامل سلسله مراتبی و برای بررسی همسانی درونی RCOPE، از ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل مؤلفه های اصلی با استفاده از چرخش اوبلیمین، نشان داد که RCOPE از دو بْعد راهبردهای مقابله‌ی مذهبی مثبت و منفی تشکیل شده است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی راهبردهای مقابله‌ی مذهبی مثبت، از الگوی هفت عاملی شامل، تطهیر مذهبی و تقاضای شفاعت الهی، کمک معنوی، تسلیم مذهبی فعالانه، بازارزیابی مذهبی خیرخواهانه، پیوند معنوی و جهت گیری مذهبی، جست وجوی حمایت از سوی افراد مطلع در دین یا افراد هم  عقیده و تعیین محدوده‌ی فعالیت های مذهبی و نتایج تحلیل عاملی راهبردهای مقابله‌ی مذهبی منفی، از الگوی پنج عاملی شامل بازارزیابی مبتنی بر خداوند کیفر کننده، بازارزیابی شیطان محور، نارضایتی معنوی، واگذاری مذهبی منفعلانه و نارضایتی مذهبی بین فردی به طور تجربی حکایت کرد.
    Keywords: 
    راهبردهای مقابله مذهبی مثبت و منفی
    مقیاس مقابله مذهبی
    مشخصه های روان سنجی
    References: 
    • آبياري، محسن و ماريا آگيلار، 1389، «ويژگي‌هاي روان‌سنجي نسخة ايراني مقياس مقابلة مذهبي»،‌ روان‌شناسي معاصر، سال پنجم، ش 2، ص81-93.
    • ابراهيمي، ابوالفضل و هادي بهرامي احسان، 1391، «تهيه و اعتباريابي مقياس سنجش آخرت‌نگري: يک مطالعۀ مقدماتي»، روان‌شناسي و دين، سال پنجم، ش چهارم، ص53-70.
    • حسني واجاري، کتايون و هادي بهرامي احسان، 1384، «نقش مقابلة مذهبي و خوشبختي معنوي در تبيين سلامت روان»، روان‌شناسي، سال نهم، ش 3، ص248-260.
    • سرمد، زهره و همكاران، 1383، روش‌هاي تحقيق در علوم رفتاري، تهران، آگاه.
    • سيدموسوي، پريساسادات و مريم وفايي، 1388، «ارزيابي روايي افزودة مقابلة مذهبي در پيش‌بيني تعالي پس‌ضربه‌اي و درماندگي در دانشجويان ايراني»، روان‌شناسي و دين، سال دوم، ش 7، ص157-178.
    • سيد‌موسوي، پريساسادات و همكاران، 1388، «رابطه راهبردهاي مقابله مذهبي با تعالي پس‌ضربه‌اي و درماندگي در دانشجويان»، روان‌شناسي معاصر، سال چهارم، ش 1، ص102-111.
    • شريفي، مرضيه و مريم فاتحي‌زاده، 1391، «رابطه مقابله مذهبي با افسردگي و فرسودگي مراقبتي در مراقبين خانوادگي»، مراقبت‌هاي نوين، دورة نهم، ش 4، ص327-335.
    • شريفي، مرضيه و همكاران، 1391، «رابطة مقابلة مذهبي با آثار سوگ در دانشجويان داغ‌ديده»، روان‌شناسي و دين، سال پنجم، ش 18، ص115-127.
    • شکوفه‌فرد، شايسته و فرهاد خرمايي، 1391، «صبر و بررسي نقش پيش‌بين مؤلفه‌هاي آن در پرخاشگري دانشجويان»، روان‌شناسي و دين، سال پنجم، ش 2، ص99-112.
    • شهابي‌زاده، فاطمه و مظاهري، محمدعلي، 1391، «دلبستگي ادراک‌شدة دوران کودکي، کنش‌وري خانواده و مقابلة مذهبي»، روان‌شناسي تحولي: روان‌شناسان ايراني، سال هشتم، ش 31، ص221-234.
    • طاهري خرامه، زهرا و همكاران، 1392، «سلامت معنوي و راهبردهاي مقابله مذهبي در بيماران همودياليزي»، روان پرستاري، دورة اول، ش 1، ص48-54.
    • ﻣﻮﺳﻮي، رضا و عطاءالله ﻣﻮﺣﺪيﻧﯿﺎ، 1390، «ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮﯾﻀﻪ ﻧﻤﺎز و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن»، روان‌شناسي و دين، سال ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ، ش 1، ص105-120.
    • ﻧﺎروﺋﯽ، رﺣﯿﻢ و همكاران، 1392، «اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﯾﺎد ﺧﺪا ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮدﻣﻬﺎرﮔﺮي ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ»، روان‌شناسي و دين، ساﻝ ﺷﺸﻢ، ش 2، ص19-3030-19.
    • Abu Raiya, H, & et al, 2008, A psychological measure of Islamic religiousness (PMIR): Development and evidence for reliability and validity, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, v. 18, p. 291–315.
    • Amer, M. M, & et al, 2008, Initial development of the brief Arab religious coping scale (BARCS), Journal of Muslim Mental Health, v. 3(1), p. 69–88.
    • Ano, G. G, & Vasconcelles, E. B, 2005, Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A metaanalysis, Journal of Clinical Psychology, v. 61(4), p. 461–480.
    • Benore, E, & et al, 2008, An initial examination of religious coping in children with asthma, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, v. 18(4), p. 267–290.
    • Bjorck, J. P, & Thurman, J. W, 2007, Negative life events, patterns of positive and negative religious coping, and psychological functioning, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, v. 46(2), p. 159–167.
    • Cigrang, J. A, & et al, 2003, Spontaneous reports of religious coping by patients with chronic physical illness, Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, v. 10(3), p. 133–137.
    • Conners, N. A, & et al, 2006, Dimensions of religious involvement and mental health outcomes among alcohol- and drug-dependent women, Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, v. 24(1–2), p. 89–108.
    • Dew, R. E, & et al, 2010, A prospective study of religion/spirituality and depressive symptoms among adolescent psychiatric patients, Journal of Affective Disorders, v. 120 (1–3), p. 149–157.
    • Dunn, K. S, & Horgas, A. L, 2004, Religious and nonreligious coping in older adults experiencing chronic pain, Pain Management Nursing, v. 5(1), v. 19–28.
    • Folkman, S, 2010, Oxford Handbook of Stress and Coping; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.
    • Gardner, T. M, & et al, 2013, Religious coping, stress, and quality of life of Muslim university students in New Zealand, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, v. 10, p. 1-13.
    • Henderson, L. A, 2010, Religious coping and subjective well-being: African Americans’ experiences of surviving Hurricane Katrina, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
    • Henningsgaard, J. M, & Arnau, R. C, 2008, Relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and personality: A multivariate analysis, Personality and Individual Differences, v. 45, p. 703–708.
    • Hills, P, & et al, 2004, Primary personality trait correlates of religious practice and orientation, Personality and Individual Differences, v. 36, p. 61–73.
    • Huguelet, P, & et al, 2007, Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders, European Psychiatry, v. 22(3), p. 188–194.
    • Kline, R. B, 2005, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, edition 2,Guilford press, New York & London.
    • Loewenthal, K. M, & et al, 2002, Are women more religious than men? Gender differernces in religious activity among different religious groups in the UK, Personality and Individual differences, v. 32, p. 133-139.
    • Loewenthal, K. M, & et al, 2002, Are women more religious than men? Gender differernces in religious activity among different religious groups in the UK, Personality and Individual differences, v. 32, p. 133-139.
    • Major, B, & et al, 1998, Personal resilience, cognitive appraisals, and coping: An integrative model of adjustment to abortion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 74(3), p. 735–752.
    • Marsella, A. J, & Leong, F. T. L, 1995, Cross-cultural issues in personality and career assessment, Journal of Career Assessment, v. 3, p. 202–218.
    • Maselko, J, & Kubzansky, L. D, 2006, Gender differences in religious practices, spiritual experiencesand health: Results from the US General Social Survey, Social Science & Medicine, v. 62, p. 2848–2860.
    • Michael, S. T, & et al, 2003, Widowhood and spirituality: Coping responses tobereavement, Journal of Women and Aging, v. 15(2–3), p. 145–165.
    • Miller, W.R, 1988, Including clients’ spiritual perspectives in cognitive-behavioral therapy. In W.R. Miller & J.E. Martin (Eds.), Behavior therapy and religion: Integrating spiritual and behavioral approaches to change (pp. 43–55). Newbury Park: Sage.
    • Mohr, S, & et al, 2007, The assessment of spirituality and religiousness in schizophrenia, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, v. 195(3), p. 247–253.
    • Pargament, K. I, & et al, 1998, Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, v. 37(4), p. 711–725.
    • Pargament, K. I, & et al, 2000, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE, Journal of Clinical Psychology, v. 56(4), p. 519–544.
    • Pargament, K. I, & et al, 2003, Red flags and religious coping: Identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis, Journal of Clinical Psychology, v. 59(12),
    • p. 1335–1348.
    • Pargament, K. I, & et al, 2004a, Religious coping methods a as predictors of psychological, physical, and spiritual outcomes among medically ill elderly patients: A two-year longitudinal study, Journal of Health Psychology, v. 9, p. 713–730.
    • Pargament, K. I, & et al, 2004b, Religion and HIV: A review of the literature and clinical implications, Southern Medical Journal, v. 97(12), p. 1201–1207.
    • Pargament, K. I, 1997, The psychology of religion and coping, Theory, research, practice, New York, London: The Guilford Press.
    • Pargament, K.I, & Mahoney, A, 2005, Sacred matters: Sanctification as a vital topic for the psychology of religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, v. 15, p. 179-198.
    • Perez, J. E, & et al, 2009, Spirituality and depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of adolescents: A longitudinal examination of mediated and moderated effects, Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 44, p. 380–386.
    • Propst, L.R, 1988, Psychotherapy in a religious framework: Spirituality in the emotional healing process, New York: Human Services Press.
    • Ramirez, S. P, & et al, 2012, The relationship between religious coping, psychological distress and quality of life in hemodialysis patients, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, v. 72, p. 129–135.
    • Rosmarin, D. H, & et al, 2009, Religious coping among Jews: Development and initial validation of the JCOPE, Journal of Clinical Psychology, v. 65(7), p. 670–683.
    • Saroglou, V, 2002, Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review, Personality and Individual Differences, v. 32, p. 15-25.
    • Stoebe, M, 2004, Religion in coping with bereavement: Confidence of convictions or scientific scrutiny? International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, v. 14(1), p. 14–23.
    • Talik, Z. B, 2013, The adolescent religious coping questionnaire: Translation and cultural adaptation of Pargament’s RCOPE scale for Polish adolescents, Journal of Religious Health, v. 52, p. 143–158.
    • Tarakeshwar, N, & et al, 2003, Initial development of a measure of religious coping among Hindus, Journal of Community Psychology, v. 31(6), p. 607–628.
    • Unterrainer, H. F, & et al, 2010, Dimensions of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being and their relation to Personality and Psychological Well-Being, Personality and Individual Differences, v.49, p. 192–197.
    • Watlington, C. G, & Murphy, C. M, 2006, The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence, Journal of Clinical Psychology, v. 62(7), p. 837–857.
    • Winter, U, & et al, 2009, The psychological outcome of religious coping with stressful life events in a Swiss sample of church attendees, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, v. 78(4), p. 240–247.
    • Worthington, E. L, & et al, 2012, Adapting an evidence-based intervention to REACH Forgiveness for different religions and spiritualities, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, v. 5, p. 183–185.
    • Yoshimoto, S. M, & et al, 2006, Religious coping and problem-solving by couples faced with prostate cancer, European Journal of Cancer Care, v. 15(5), p. 481–488.
    • 276 reads
    Copyright © 2015 The Author(s). This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
    Cite this article: RIS Mendeley BibTeX APA MLA HARVARD VANCOUVER

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Davud Vandi , Farzaneh, Shokri, Omid. (2015) The Strategies towards Positive and Negative Religious Cope: Psychoanalysis of the scale of RCOPE among Iranian Students. Ravanshenasi Wa Din, 8(1), 41-62

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Farzaneh Davud Vandi ; Omid Shokri."The Strategies towards Positive and Negative Religious Cope: Psychoanalysis of the scale of RCOPE among Iranian Students". Ravanshenasi Wa Din, 8, 1, 2015, 41-62

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Davud Vandi , F, Shokri, O.(2015) 'The Strategies towards Positive and Negative Religious Cope: Psychoanalysis of the scale of RCOPE among Iranian Students', Ravanshenasi Wa Din, 8(1), pp. 41-62

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Davud Vandi , F, Shokri, O. The Strategies towards Positive and Negative Religious Cope: Psychoanalysis of the scale of RCOPE among Iranian Students. Ravanshenasi Wa Din, 2015; 8(1): 41-62