Ravanshenasi & Din

This study aimed to explore the concept of perfection within Maslow’s theoretical framework and evaluate it through a Quranic lens. Employing a hybrid descriptive-analytical and critical-comparative methodology, the research began with a comprehensive review of Maslow’s conceptualization of human nature, delineating the roles and interrelations of basic needs and meta-needs, as well as their respective interpretations of perfection. The definition and ultimate manifestation of perfection were subsequently clarified. The findings were then critically examined in light of Quranic verses, revealing that Maslow’s oversight in rejecting the spirit as an essential dimension of human existence led to a materialistic interpretation of meta-needs. Furthermore, the results indicated that the conditional dependency of perfection—as framed within meta-needs—on the partial satisfaction of basic needs is inconsistent with Quranic teachings. Additionally, contrary to Maslow’s understanding of Abrahamic religions, Islam does not posit a duality between body and spirit, nor does it advocate the suppression of primary needs. From a Quranic perspective, Maslow’s definition of perfection is deemed invalid, reflecting his naturalistic worldview. The study concludes that Maslow’s paradigm of perfection fundamentally diverges from Quranic teachings—a discrepancy attributed to his neglect of the psychospiritual dimension (nafs) and the centrality of God in human life.