روان شناسی و دين

The Relationship of Religious Orientation, Optimism and Spiritual Intelligence with the Spiritual Well-being of Instructors of the Qur'an

Jamal ʻAshori / PhD Student of educational psychology, Isfahan Azad Islamic University, Sciences and researches Department  jamal_ashoori@yahoo.com

Mohammad Reza Safariyan / Assistant Professor of Psycology Department, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad

Noor-al-Allah Yousofi / M.A, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Bronch.

Received: 2013/09/19 - Accepted: 2014/02/09

Abstract

The present research seeks to investigate the relationship of religious orientation, optimism and spiritual intelligence with spiritual well-being.  The statistical universe includes all the instructors of the Quran in Shahr-e- Rey, from among whom 120 were selected randomly. They all completed questionnaires about religious orientation, optimism, spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being. Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data. The research findings show that internal religious orientation, optimism and spiritual intelligence have a positive and significant relationship with spiritual health (p<0.01). an indicative model shows that only spiritual intelligence, internal religious orientation and optimism can predict %59 percent of the variance of spiritual well-being. Therefore, when we think of promoting well-being, we should first concentrate on achieving spiritual intelligence, then on internal religious orientation and finally on optimism.

Key words: religious orientation, optimism, spiritual intelligence, spiritual well-being, instructors of the Quran.

The Relationship of Feeling Grateful to God with Personality and Positive Psychological Functioning in Iran and Poland

Naser Aghababaei / PhD Student in Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University  naseragha@gmail.com

Agata Błachnio / Assistant Professor, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

Received: 2013/11/22 - Accepted: 2014/04/20

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the relationship of feeling grateful towards God with positive psychological functioning and personality factors. 226 Iranian and 220 Polish university students filled out “Gratitude toward God Questionnaire”, “HEXACO Personality Inventory-60”, “Subjective Happiness Scale”, “Satisfaction with Life Scale”, and “Rosenberg’s  Self-Esteem Scale”. Results showed that within both contexts feeling grateful to God was positively associated with happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, Honesty-Humility, and Extraversion. After controlling for personality, gratitude to God managed to significantly predict variances in positive functioning. Furthermore, the findings showed that the positive role of gratitude is independent of personality and has cross-cultural generality.

Key words: gratitude, religion, God, happiness, personality, HEXACO.

Prediting the Lifestyle Based on Religious Attitude and Moral Commitment among Those With or Without Divorce Experience

Farzaneh Khaleghi Dehnavi / MA student of general psychology ,Isfahan University  khaleghi_farzaneh@yahoo.com

Fariba Yazdkhasti / Assistant Professor of Psychology department, Isfahan University faribayazdkhasti@yahoo.com

Received: 2013/10/04 - Accepted: 2014/03/12                 

Abstract

The present paper seeks to predict the lifestyle based on religious attitude and moral commitment among those who have and those who lack divorce experience. A descriptive-correlative method is used in this research. The statistical universe includes all people -male and female- in Isfahan (from among those who filed for divorce and who did not). 103 individuals from among those who filed for divorce and 102 individuals from among those who did not file for divorce were selected through the available sampling. A questionnaire on religious attitude, a questionnaire on marital commitment and a questionnaire on lifestyle were used in this research. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The research findings show that only religious attitude can significantly predict the lifestyle of those who have and those who lack divorce experience. Therefore, religious attitude can be considered as one of the important factors affecting lifestyle, regardless of having or lacking divorce experience.

Key words: divorce, lifestyle, religious attitude, moral commitment.   

An Inquiry into the Effects of Referring to Qur'anic Stories for Training Social Skills on Children

 Akbar Soleymannejad / Assistant professor of psychology, Payam-e- noor University of Urmia     r.a.solan@gmail.com

Haura Sudi / MA student of History and Education Philosophy, Payam-e- noor University of Khoy

Received: 2014/01/14 - Accepted: 2013/04/14

Abstract

Throughout history, storytelling has always been of special interest and a source of fascination to man, and it represents one of the effective instruments for modifying his behavior. The holy Quran which pays special attention to man's requirements and man's inclination towards story and lays emphasis on man’s natural desires, presents a lot of delicate ideological, social and moral subjects in the form of fascinating stories. The aim of this research is investigating the effects of referring to Qur'anic stories for training social skills on children. A quasi-experimental method was used in the survey and two groups: subject and control were formed and pre-tests and post-test were administered. The sample content included 40 children aging 4 to 6 who were from three kindergartens in Khoy in the academic year 1390-1391. They were randomly selected through a cluster-sampling method. The results of the test of co-variance in the level of α= 05/0 show that there is a significant difference between the average grade of the children of subject group and that of control group with respect to the effect of Qur'anic stories on the social skills factors, including humanitarian behaviors, undesirable social behaviors, impulsive behaviors, the relations with one's peers, superiority seeking, and excessive self-confidence.

Keywords: storytelling, the Quran, social skills, children.

The Effectiveness of Group Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy on Increasing the Marital Satisfaction of Women Having Marital Conflict (on the basis of Islamic measures).

 Leila Agah / M.A Graduate of Islamic of Islamic Azad University of Scince and research Breunch, Ardabi   agah.mojgan@yahoo.com

Masood Janbozorgi / Associate professor of Hawzah and Daneshgah Research Center.  janbo@rihu.ac.ir

Ozra Gafari / Associate professor of Islamic Azad University, Ardebil                                        

Received: 2013/08/16 - Accepted: 2014/01/14

Abstract

In Islam, whatever strengthens family ties is considered acceptable and whatever weakens family links is deemed unfavorable. According to Qur’anic teachings, the efforts should be directed to bringing about reconciliation between spouses, because unsound beliefs about marital relations result in intensity and recurrence of marital conflict. Hence, this paper investigates the effectiveness of group cognitive- behavioral therapy on increasing marital satisfaction among the women who have marital conflict. To this end, thirty female volunteers having marital conflict were selected and divided into two groups through a semi- experimental research and the available type of sampling. The testees in the two groups filled out questionnaires about marital conflict and matrimonial satisfaction (on the basis of Islamic measures) before and after the treatment. One -way and multi- way co- variance analysis was used for analyzing the data. The findings show that group cognitive- behavioral therapy contributes to the decrease of marital conflicts and increase of marital satisfaction while its components reaching the standard of (p<0/05).

Therefore, alongside religious teachings, and use of special techniques, group cognitive-behavioral therapy corrects cognition, regulates behavioral malfunctions and negative excitement, and contributes to the revaluation of soundness of thoughts and realizing the breakdown in communication and thus promoting the ways of setting the goal.

Key words: group treatment, cognitive–behavioral, marital conflict, Islamic marital satisfaction.

Motivation Theory in Religious Thought

Abolghasem Bashiri / Assistant Professor of  Psychology Department, IKI   bashitri@qabas.net

Received: 2014/01/23 - Accepted: 2014/07/16

Abstract

This research seeks to present an approach to the study of motivation, based on Islamic teachings, in an attempt to prepare the ground for developing a motivation theory based on Islamic thought. The paper, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, first explores the basic concepts about motivation in religious texts, then investigates their mutual relations in a logical context to present it as a primary pattern in a schematic form. The basic concepts which are derived from religious texts and which have motivational role include: intention, will, desire, instincts and needs and intellect. Moreover, experimental research works, indicate that cognitions, tendencies, axiological system, targets and vital environmental factors play a basic role in the pattern of behavior. The research results show that a number of multiple factors is involved in every human behavior. As for the answer to the question which factors are more effective, a number of things should be considered; such as what stage of development a person is, which of his/her needs should be satisfied first in that stage of development, what kind of beliefs and attitudes he/she holds, which axiological system he/she follows what aims is he/she after and finally in what circumstances he/she is.

Key words:  motivation,intention, will, intellect, beliefs, attitudes, axiological system, needs and objectives.

A Critical Investigation of the Learning Approach to Moral Development according to the Quran

Sadigh Karimzade / Assistant Professor of  Education Department, IKI. skarimzadeh178@yahoo.com

Received: 2014/03/07 - Accepted: 2014/07/21                                                                                 

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the different aspects of the process of behavioral development in learning and present a critical review of this process. The review is mainly based on Islamic doctrines and uses a documentary method. The mentioned approach defines behavioral development as a way of "learning how to display the social behavior which, according to certain, community is acceptable and which is confirmed through its consequences". The scope of this process is "the acceptable social behavior", and it main component is "moral behavior" as distinct from behavioral recognition and excitement, and reinforcement of, especially its social form, is counted as its main mechanism.  Rejecting the dominant values and the values derived from meta-social sources, non-extension of the boundaries of morality to the moral behaviors which are inconsistent with existing norms, disregarding the cognitive and emotional components of morality and neglecting the mechanisms other than reinforcement are the main shortcomings that, according to Islamic view, represent a challenge to the positions of this approach. 

Keywords: the Quran, learning approach, equality, scope, component, mechanism.